natural world, founder of lyceum, empiricist (based on what one can see) ‘everything we can know about the world is what we can see’,
TELOS - meaning end or purpose
MATERIAL CAUSE - what something is made of
FORMAL CAUSE - form or shape of object
EFFICIENT CAUSE - name given to activity which makes something happen
TELOS - purpose of its existence (what is the meaning of life?)
FINAL CAUSE - Eudaemonia - human flourishing or prosperity
(motivation) SYNDERESIS - scholastic philosophy, signifying the innate principle in the moral consciousness of every person which directs the agent to good and restrains him from evil, innate habit of thinking - god has given us the disposition to strive for good and avoid evil
(reason/skill) PHRONESIS - we have the reason to do the right thing, practical reason, makes moral decisions
‘all acts of virtue are prescribed by natural law, and human reason naturally dictates us to act virtuously’
some moral situations are immediately obvious
humans have created a moral scale that dictates what is right and wrong